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许多学员通过私信反馈：“老师，我学识有限。对于过去分词和现在分词的概念，始终难以理解。”一旦遇到语法术语，便容易感到困惑。若想避免这种状况，就必须深入学习并掌握相关知识！
分词运用教学视频 ↓↓↓
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配套文字资料：
一、分词的两种基本形式
（1）现在分词：以-ing结尾，通常由动词变形而来；
（2）过去分词：以-ed结尾，与动词的过去式形式相同。
让我们先从熟悉的例子入手
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I was sleeping during the lecture.
课堂期间我正在睡觉。此处sleeping即为现在分词。
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I have learnt English for five years.
我已学习英语五年之久。learnt在此为过去分词。
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The floor was cleaned this morning.
地板于今晨被清理。
我们最常用的分词用法：现在分词常用于构成进行时态；过去分词则多见于完成时态和被动语态中。需要注意的是，分词不能单独充当谓语动词。进行时态需与be动词连用，完成时态离不开have/has/had的辅助，被动语态则表现为be动词+过去分词。掌握了这些要点，你已具备初步的语法素养。
接下来是相对较少见的用法：
二、现在分词的具体应用（括号内的说明尤为重要）
（1）现在分词作表语（带有“使……产生某种状态”的意味，因而具有主动含义）
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The story was quite amusing.
这个故事颇具趣味性。
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That book was interesting.
那本书引人入胜。
常见的此类分词还包括：
exciting 使人感到兴奋的
interesting 激发兴趣的
disappointing 令人感到失望的
tiring 导致疲惫的
moving 触动心灵的
（2）现在分词作定语（相当于形容词功能）
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It was an exciting game.
那场比赛扣人心弦。
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He is a charming individual.
他是一位极具魅力的人。
现在分词还可作后置定语（其修饰对象与分词之间呈现主动关系）
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The girl standing by the counter assisted me.
站在收银台后的女孩为我服务。
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The car waiting near the garden belongs to me.
停放在花园附近的汽车是我的。
（3）现在分词作状语（描述伴随发生的动作）
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Following my pet, we entered the garden.
紧随我的宠物，我们步入花园。
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She sat on the bed reading.
她坐在床上阅读。
现在分词还能表达原因（相当于原因状语从句，注意“完整句子需包含主谓结构”）
-
Not knowing his contact details, I couldn’t reach him.
=Because I was unaware of his contact details,
由于我不清楚他的联系方式，因此无法联系到他。
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Being weary of sleeping on the floor，he decided to purchase a proper bed.
=Because he was tired of sleeping on the floor，
由于他对睡地板感到厌倦，因此决定买张床。
现在分词亦可表示时间（相当于时间状语从句，注意“完整句子需包含主谓结构”）
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Hearing the news, they all jumped with delight.
=When they heard the news, …
当他们听到消息时，…
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Having completed her homework, she went outdoors to play.
=After she had finished her homework，…
在她完成作业后，…
（4）现在分词作宾语补足语
常与see, hear, catch, find, keep, have等动词搭配使用.
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I saw him passing by my home yesterday.
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I caught him attempting to steal on the bus.
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I smelt something smoldering in the kitchen.
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We heard someone performing the piano in the adjacent room.
三、过去分词的多种用法（括号内的解释极具参考价值）
（1）过去分词作表语（相当于形容词，蕴含被动意义）
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We were so tired that we quickly fell asleep.
我们疲惫不堪，迅速入睡。（被极度疲惫所影响）
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They were highly pleased with the girl’s performance.
他们对这位姑娘的表现感到非常满意。（被女孩的表现所打动）
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Mr. Chen was satisfied with my response.
陈先生对我的回答表示满意。（被我的回答所满足）
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I’m not interested in gardening.
我对园艺缺乏兴趣。（我们未被其吸引）
（2）过去分词作定语（其修饰对象与分词之间形成被动关系）
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cooked food（被烹饪过的食物）
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fried eggs（被煎制的鸡蛋）
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boiled water（被煮沸的水）
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Is there anybody injured?（被伤害的人）
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I was the sole passenger remaining on the bus.
我成为唯一留在公交车上的乘客。（被遗留在车上的乘客）
（3）过去分词作状语（其与主句主语之间存在被动关系）
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Seen from the peak of the mountain, the small town appears magnificent.
从山顶俯瞰，这座小镇壮丽非凡。
seen与主语 the small town 之间为被动关系，小镇被观察….
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Mr. Chen entered, followed by his son.
陈先生走进来，其后跟随其子。
followed与主语 Mr Chen 是被动关系，陈先生被跟随….
（4）过去分词作宾语补足语（其与补语对象之间形成被动关系）
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The vicar has been requested to have the tree cut down.
郊区牧师被要求砍伐树木。（树木只能被砍）
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The manager discovered the shop robbed.
经理发现商店遭劫。
四、核心要点总结
分词作定语
若分词与被修饰词之间存在主动关系，则选用现在分词
若分词与被修饰词之间存在被动关系，则选用过去分词
The car waiting there is the one repaired yesterday.
分词作状语
若分词与主句主语之间存在主动关系，则选用现在分词
若分词与主句主语之间存在被动关系，则选用过去分词
Defeated in the competition, the boy sat there crying.
接下来的学习时间，留给具备深厚实力的学员 ↓↓↓
五、强化训练（每题 25 分，共四道题目，限时 4 分钟）
1. __________ with the top students, I still have significant room for improvement.
A. Compared
B. To compare
C. Having compared
D. Compare
2. The music of this film_________ by him sounds remarkably .
A. playing, exciting
B. played, exciting
C. playing, excited
D. played, excited
3. __________ against the impending snowstorm, they all stayed indoors.
A. To warn
B. Having warned
C. Warned
D. Warn
4. Wang Junfeng couldn’t always make himself _______ by speaking English.
A. understand
B. understands
C.understanding
D. understood
造化钟神秀，学霸独占鳌头，答案敬请留言！