1. 并列关系(and, but, or)
– and: 用于连接两个或多个相质的词、短语或句子,表示它们之间有共同点或相似性。例如:“I love reading books and playing sports.”(我喜欢读书和运动。)
– but: 用于转折,表示前后两个部分之间存在对比或对立。例如:“She was happy to go on a trip, but she was disappointed when the weather turned bad.”(她很高兴去旅行,但当天气变坏时她很失望。)
– or: 用于选择,表示两者中的任何一个都可以发生。例如:“Either you finish your homework or I’ll give you a spanking.”(你要么完成你的作业,要么我会打你一顿。)
2. 递进关系(also, furthermore, moreover, in addition)
– also: 用于补充说明,通常用来引出与前文相关但更具体或更详细的信息。例如:“He is a good teacher, but he also has a great sense of humor.”(他是个好老师,但他还有幽默感。)
– furthermore: 用于进一步阐述或加强前面的观点。例如:“We have many friends, but we also enjoy spending time together.”(我们有很多朋友,但我们也喜欢一起度过时间。)
– moreover: 用于强调某个观点的重要性或重要性。例如:“The book is interesting, moreover, it’s written by an author who won the Nobel Prize.”(这本书很有趣,而且作者是一位获得奖的作者。)
– in addition: 用于补充说明,通常用来引出与前文相关但更具体或更详细的信息。例如:“He is a good teacher, in addition, he has a great sense of humor.”(他是个好老师,他还很有幽默感。)
3. 条件关系(if, unless, until)
– if: 用于假设条件,表示如果某种情况成立,则会发生某种结果。例如:“If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.”(如果明天下雨,我们就取消野餐。)
– unless: 用于否定条件,表示如果不满足某种条件,则不会发生某种结果。例如:“Unless you finish your homework, you will not be allowed to watch TV.”(除非你完成你的作业,否则你将不被允许看电视。)
– until: 用于表示直到某个时间点才发生某种情况。例如:“Until the sun sets, we will continue our work.”(直到太阳落山,我们将继续工作。)
4. 因果关系(because, as, since, so)
– because: 用于解释原因,表示某件事情之所以发生是因为另一个原因。例如:“Because she was tired, she fell asleep early.”(因为她累了,她很早就睡着了。)
– as: 用于表示事物之间的因果关系,通常用于比较或对照。例如:“As the sun set, the sky turned red.”(随着太阳落山,天空变成了红色。)
– since: 用于表示从过去到现在的时间跨度,强调自从某个时间点以来一直持续到现在的情况。例如:“Since we moved into our new house, we have been enjoying it.”(自从我们搬进新房子以来,我们一直在享受它。)
通过学习和掌握这些关联词,你可以更加准确地表达自己的思想,使语言更加丰富和有力。